NYUNGAR Words: manga connections

What can ‘nest’, ‘barb’, ‘spear’, ‘leaf’, ‘hair’ and ‘shoulder’ have to do with one another? They all appear to be linked through manga / munga.

The basic idea appears to be ‘strand’, ‘thread’.

NEST

A nest is composed of many strands:

Australian	respelt	English	EngJSM	source
“munga”	manga	“a nest”	nest	[4] Grey 1840 [:120:45] [NYUNGAR]
“Mân-ga”	manGa	“Bird, (nest of)”	nest	Symmons, Charles [:7:55] [NYUNGAR]

BARB

Grey, below, links ‘barb’ and ‘hair’. A barb is a single point, and a hair a single strand.

“mun-gar”	munGa	“barb, a; hair”	barb	[4] Grey 1840 [:210:11] [NYUNGAR]
“Man-gar”	manGa	“Barb of a spear …”	barb	Moore 1842 [:68:21] [NYUNGAR]

SPEAR

Whether Hassell below was correct or not in stating munga meant a type of ‘spear’ is not known. The reference could have been to ‘barb’, a feature of the spear concerned:

“mungar”	munga	“hunting spears”	spear	[11] Hassell AA 1894 [?] [:293:36] [NYUNGAR]
“mungay”	manga	“fishing spears”	spear	[11] Hassell AA 1894 [?] [::] [NYUNGAR]

Salvado defines ‘reed spear’: gidyi is a common word for ‘spear’; and ‘reed’ is yet another ‘strand’. 

“mangarghichi”

manga gidyi

“spear, reed”

barb spear

[8] Salvado 1851 [:388:45] [NYUNGAR]

LEAF

Symmons in describing fig leaves uses ‘leaf’ (manga) with a plural marker: -ra:

“Mân-ga-ra”

manGara

“Hottentot fig (leaves of)”

leaf

Symmons, Charles [:7:29] [NYUNGAR]

HAIR

The following examples indicate that manga also stood for hair. gada means ‘head:

“munga”	munga	“hair”	hair	[23] Buller-Murphy [:279:43] [Dordenup [Wardandi]]
“mungar”	munga	“hair of the head”	hair	[10 (n)] Curr [:280:23] [Kaniyang]
“karta munga”	gada manga	“hair (on head)”	hair	[23] Buller-Murphy [:280:5] [Dordenup [Wardandi]]
“katta mangara”	gada mangara	“hair of the head”	hair	[6] Brady 1845 [:280:11] [NYUNGAR]

SHOULDER

This last example would suggest that the wordlist compilers might have erred. ‘Hair’ might have reached the ‘shoulder’, giving rise to misunderstanding. But who is to say now whether they were right or wrong?

“monga”	manga	“shoulder”	shoulder	[3] Lyon 1833 [:375:28] [NYUNGAR]
“mongo”	manga	“shoulder”	shoulder	[8 (E)] Salvado [:375:29] [Balardung]